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1 Légion d'honneur
Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur (National Order of the Legion of Honour) Established in 1802 by Napoleon, the Légion d'Honneur is the highest civil and military decoration in France. The order is divided into five grades: Chevalier (Knight), Officier (Officer), Commandeur (Commander), Grand Officier (Grand Officer) and Grand-Croix (Grand Cross). The Grand Master of the order is the French head of state, i.e. the President. The award is given to people of exceptional merit in all walks of life, rather like an OBE or a knighthood in the UK. it cannot however be awarded to members of parliament (Députés). People who have received this award frequently show this - notably on formal occasions - by wearing a very discreet small red lapel band.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Légion d'honneur
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2 American Legion, The
Военно-патриотическая общественно-политическая организация, крупнейшая в мире организация ветеранов. Основана в 1919 с целью защиты интересов ветеранов первой мировой войны двадцатью офицерами - участниками боевых действий во Франции. После окончания второй мировой войны в организацию был открыт доступ ветеранам и этой войны, а позднее и ветеранам войны в Корее [ Korean War] и Вьетнаме [ Vietnam War], то есть всех войн, в которых участвовали США. Проводит ежегодные съезды [conventions], на которых избираются Национальный исполнительный комитет [national executive committee] и руководитель - "национальный командующий" [national commander]. Финансирует программы поддержки ветеранов-инвалидов и их семей, а также программы военно-спортивного воспитания молодежи. Легион - "против всех -измов", за "американские идеалы", против разоружения. С 1919 издает ежемесячник "Американ лиджен мэгэзин" [American Legion Magazine]. Около 3 млн. членов (2005), 15 тыс. местных отделений [Post]. Штаб-квартира в г. Индианаполисе, шт. Индиана и в г. Вашингтоне.English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > American Legion, The
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3 praeficio
prae-fĭcĭo, fēci, fectum, 3, v. a. [facio], to set over any thing (as officer, superintendent, leader, etc.), to place in authority over, place at the head, appoint to the command of.I.Lit. (freq. and class.; cf.:II.praepono, praefero): te cum securi caudicali praeficio provinciae,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 25:praefeci rure recte qui curet tamen,
id. Cas. 1, 1, 17:aliquem pecori,
Cic. Planc. 25, 62:certum magistratum alicui procurationi,
id. Leg. 2, 26, 66:imperatorem bello,
id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49:tantis rebus,
id. ib. 10, 27:legatos legionibus,
Caes. B. G. 5, 24:pontifices sacris,
Cic. Rep. 2, 14, 26:aliquem sacerdotio Neptuni,
Plin. 9, 8, 8, § 27:libertos rationibus, libellis et epistulis,
Tac. A. 6, 8:aliquem provinciae,
id. ib. 13, 46;2, 4: aliquem classi,
Nep. Milt. 4, 1; Liv. 35, 42 et saep.:lucis Avernis,
Verg. A. 6, 118:Juno sacris praefecta maritis,
Ov. H. 12, 87:in eo exercitu inimici mei fratrem praefecerat,
had given him a command, Cic. Sest. 18, 41. —Trop., to set over, etc. (rare): nec locus nec materia invenitur, cui divinationem praeficere possimus, Cic. Div. 2, 4, 12. —Hence, as subst.: praefectus, i, m., an overseer, director, president, chief, commander, prefect.A.In gen.:B.gumnasi praefecto poenas pendere,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 22:villae,
Varr. R. R. 1, 17 fin.:tu (censor) es praefectus moribus,
Cic. Clu. 46, 129; cf.:praefectus morum,
Nep. Hamilc. 3, 2:nec vero mulieribus praefectus praeponatur,
Cic. Rep. 4, 6, 16 (Non. 499, 13); cf. Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 30:cum praefectus custodum quaesisset, etc.,
Nep. Eum. 11, 1:his utitur quasi praefectis libidinum suarum,
Cic. Red. in Sen. 6, 15.—In partic., as a title of particular civil or military officers, a president, superintendent, commander, governor, etc.:praefectus aerarii or aerario,
a treasurer, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 2; id. Pan. 92; Gell. 13, 24, 30; Capitol. Gord. 4: annonae, a superintendent of grain or of the markets, Tac. A. 11, 31; Inscr. Orell. 1084; 1186; 1091;3169: castrorum or castris,
an officer who attended to the pitching of the camp and all matters connected therewith, a quartermaster, Vell. 2, 112, 6; 119, 4; 120, 4; Tac. A. 14, 37; 1, 20; cf. Veg. Mil. 2, 10:classis,
an admiral, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 89; Liv. 26, 48; 36, 20; 42; Flor. 3, 7; afterwards also for a captain of a ship, Tac. H. 3, 12; Veg. Mil. 4, 32; Inscr. Orell. 3596;who was formerly called praefectus navis: dextrum cornu praefectos navium ad terram explicare jubet,
Liv. 36, 44; Flor. 2, 5: fabrūm, in the army, a superintendent of the military engines, chief engineer, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, C, 2; id. B. C. 1, 24, 4; Nep. Att. 12, 4; Vell. 2, 76, 1; Plin. 36, 6, 7, § 48; Inscr. Orell. 4906;in the free towns and colonies,
a superintendent of public works, ib. 516: equitum, a commander of the cavalry, as we say, a colonel or general of cavalry, Hirt. B. G. 8, 12; Vell. 2, 24, 1;called also simply praefectus,
Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 3, 7; Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 7; cf.cohortium,
Sall. J. 46, 7: legionis, in the time of the emperors, the same that was previously called legatus legionis, a commander of the legion, i. q. our colonel, Tac. H. 1, 82; Suet. Claud. 12; id. Galb. 11; 14; id. Calig. 56; id. Ner. 21; Inscr. Grut. 465, 2; cf. Veg. Mil. 2, 9:praefectus regis or regius,
a commander-in-chief, generalissimo, Liv. 36, 11; Sall. J. 46, 5; Nep. Alcib. 5, 2; id. Ages. 2, 3; cf. Flor. 3, 5; 11:praefectus praetorio and praetorii, in the time of the emperors,
a commander of the imperial body - guard, pretorian prefect, Tac. A. 1, 24; id. H. 1, 13; 19; Dig. 1, 11 et saep.; in later times, a governor of a province of the Roman empire: praefectus urbi or urbis, governor of the city of Rome, in the times of the republic, appointed only to represent the consul during the latter's absence; under the emperors, a perpetual office with a particular jurisdiction, Varr. ap. Gell. 14, 7; Tac. A. 6, 10; 11; Plin. 11, 38, 90, § 223; Suet. Aug. 33; Inscr. Orell. 3153 sq.:vigilum or vigilibus,
a captain of the watch, Dig. 1, 15, 3; 47, 2, 58; Inscr. Orell. 801; 1088; 1929:Aegypti,
the governor of the province of Egypt, Suet. Aug. 18; 66; id. Vesp. 6; Dig. 1, 17; Inscr. Orell. 709; 3651; so,Lydiae, Ioniae, totiusque Phrygiae,
Nep. Dat. 2, 5:Alpium,
Plin. 10, 48, 68, § 134; Inscr. Grut. 287, 7. -
4 centuriō
centuriō ōnis, m [centuria], a commander of a century, captain, centurion (next in rank to the tribunes of the legion), C., S., L., H.: primi pili, of the first maniple (of the triarii), the first centurion of the legion, S. — Plur: primorum ordinum, i. e. the six centurions of the first cohort, Cs.* * *Icenturiare, centuriavi, centuriatus V TRANSarrange/assign (soldiers) in military centuries; divide land into centuriaeIIcenturion, captain/commander of a century/company -
5 name
neɪm
1. сущ.
1) а) имя (вообще) ;
имя (в отличие от фамилии, тж. Christian name, амер. given name, first name), фамилия (тж. family name, surname) ;
род, семья, фамилия to adopt, assume a name ≈ взять имя to give smb. a name ≈ называть кого-л., давать имя to immortalize smb.'s name ≈ обессмертить чье-л. имя to invoke God's name ≈ взывать к Богу to use a name ≈ называться (каким-либо именем) fancy name ≈ выдуманное имя by name put one's name down for know by name in name only in the name of under an assumed name under the name of without a name assumed name code name dirty name legal name maiden name married name - middle name personal name pet name proper name stage name - trade name vernacular name Syn: pseudonym;
family, clan, people б) коммерч. билет с именем покупателя акций, передается продавцу в особый день в) имя, название, наименование, обозначение, ярлык There is no name for such conduct. ≈ Нет слов, чтобы описать такое поведение. give it a name the name of the game in all but name Syn: title г) название, слово (как противопоставленное сути, сущности), пустой звук There is only the name of friendship between them. ≈ Их дружба - одно название. virtuous in name
2) а) грам. имя существительное common name Syn: noun б) грам. термин, слово geographic name ≈ географическое название professional name ≈ профессиональный термин
3) а) репутация, доброе ( или не очень) имя to besmirch, smear smb.'s (good) name ≈ запятнать чью-л. репутацию to clear one's name ≈ обелить кого-л. to make/win a good name for oneself ≈ завоевать доброе имя bad name ≈ плохая репутация people of name ≈ известные люди He has name for honesty. ≈ Он известен своей честностью. ill name ≈ плохая репутация Syn: fame, reputation, repute б) имя, личность, знаменитость the great names of history ≈ исторические личности
4) мн. брань (только в сочетаниях, см. ниже) call smb. names ∙ to take smb.'s name in vain ≈ клясться, божиться;
поминать имя всуе not to have a penny to one's name ≈ не иметь ни гроша за душой give a dog a bad name and hang him ≈ считать кого-л. плохим, потому что о нем идет дурная слава
2. гл.
1) называть, давать имя My mother insisted on naming me Horace. ≈ Моя мать настаивала на том, чтобы мне дали имя Гораций. name after name for name from Syn: call, christen, designate, dub
2) а) назначать, указывать Call Marty, tell him to name his price. ≈ Позвони Марти и скажи ему, чтобы он назвал свою цену. It's nearly thirty years since a journalist was jailed for refusing to name a source. ≈ Прошло почти тридцать лет с того момента, как журналист был осужден за отказ сообщить источник информации. you name it name the day б) назначать (на должность) Early in 1941 he was named commander of the African Corps. ≈ В начале 1941 года он был назначен командиром африканского корпуса. Syn: appoint, nominate, designate, assign, appoint в) называть кого-л. кем-л., что-л. как-л., давать характеристику Name them bishops, or name them not bishops, you will still have chief men. ≈ Зови их епископами, не зови их епископами, все одно - заправилы. г) обвинять члена Палаты Общин в недостойном поведении (прерогатива спикера) д) упоминать, называть;
цитировать, приводить в качестве примера Syn: mention, specify имя;
фамилия - Christian /first, given/ * имя - middle * второе имя (напр., May в Louise May Smith) ;
(разговорное) характерная черта - honesty is his middle * он воплощенная честность - family /last/ * фамилия - full * полное имя;
все имена и фамилия - maiden * девичья фамилия - married * фамилия по мужу - what is your *? как вас зовут? - Tom by * по имени Том - a tenant, John Jones by * арендатор по имени Джон Джонс - a person of /by/ the * of Smith человек по фамилии Смит - to know by * знать понаслышке;
знать по именам /фамилиям/, знать лично каждого - to know all the pupils by * знать всех учеников поименно - under the * of под именем;
под псевдонимом - to put one's * to smth. подписаться под чем-л.;
подписать что-л. (воззвание и т. п.) - to put one's * down for подписаться на (какую-л. сумму) ;
записаться на (билет и т. п.) ;
выставить свою кандидатуру на (какой-л. пост) - of no *, without a * безымянный;
не поддающийся описанию (о поступке) - to send in one's * записываться( на конкурс и т. п.) ;
велеть доложить о себе - what * shall I say? как о вас доложить? - I sent up my * я приказал доложить о себе - to change one's name of Higgins to Jones сменить фамилию Хиггинс на Джоунз - to use smb.'s * ссылаться на кого-л., использовать чье-л. имя как рекомендацию - in the * of smb., smth. во имя кого-л., чего-л.;
от чьего-л. имени;
именем кого-л., чего-л.;
(юридическое) от имени, по поручению кого-л.;
на имя кого-л., чего-л. (о вкладе и т. п.) - in the * of common sense во имя здравого смысла - in God's *!, in the * of heaven! боже!, во имя всего святого!;
- in the * of the law именем закона - in one's own * от своего имени название, наименование;
обозначение - place * географическое название - trade * название фирмы;
фирменное название (тж. proprietary *) - a popular * for smth. народное название чего-л. - in * (only) (только) номинально;
(только) по наванию - a mere *, only a * пустой звук, одно название - there is only the * of friendship between them их дружба - одно название - he is chief in * only он лишь номинальный начальник - the town derived it's * from... город получил название от... /назван в честь.../ (тк. в ед. ч.) репутация;
слава;
(доброе) имя - bad /ill/ * плохая репутация, дурная слава - to make a good * for oneself заслуживать доброе имя - to get /to make, to win/ oneself a * создать себе имя, получить известность - to perpetuate one's * увековечить себя, обессмертить свое имя - to have a * for honesty, to have the * of being honest славиться честностью - to bear /to carry/ the * (устаревшее) пользоваться заслуженной репутацией - he is not entitled to the * of scholar он недостоин называться ученым личность, человек (особ. выдающийся) - people of * люди с именем;
известные деятели;
знаменитости - the great *s of history великие люди /имена/, исторические личности - the greatest * in science величайший ученый род, фамилия - the last of his * последний из рода - an illustrious * знатный род pl брань, бранные слова - to call smb. *s поносить кого-л.;
обзывать кого-л. - he called me all *s он по всякому обзывал меня (грамматика) имя существительное - proper * имя собственное (логика) термин;
логическое понятие > their * is legion( библеизм) имя им легион > he hasn't a penny to his * у него ни гроша за душой > to keep one's * on the books оставаться членом клуба и т. п. > to keep smb.'s * off the books не допускать кого-л. в организацию, не принимать кого-л. в члены клуба и т. п. > to take smb.'s * off the books исключить кого-л. из организации, клуба, учебного заведения и т. п. > to lend one's * /the shelter of one's * / to smb. разрешить кому-л. воспользоваться своим именем, дать кому-л. рекомендацию, поддержать кого-л. своим авторитетом > give it a *! выбирайте, я плачу (при угощении) > the * of the game самое главное, суть > the * of the game is trust все дело в доверии > in fishing, patience is the * of the game на рыбалке самое главное - терпение именной - * tag именной жетон;
медальон с фамилией;
личный знак( военнослужащего) авторский - * entry( специальное) авторское описание, описание под именем автора ( в каталоге, списке) заглавный - * role /part/ заглавная роль - * story рассказ, давший название сборнику рассказов (американизм) (разговорное) известный;
с именем - * brand известная марка( товара) - * writers писатели с именем - * band оркестр под управлением знаменитого дирижера называть, давать имя - to * a child John назвать /наречь, окрестить/ ребенка Джоном - to * after /from, (американизм) for/ называть в честь - the child was *d after his father ребенка назвали в честь отца - cambric is so *d from its place of origin, Cambray ткань называется кембрик, потому что ее начали производить в Камбре - the college is *d for George Washinton колледжу присвоено имя Джорджа Вашингтона называть, перечислять поименно - to * all the flowers in the garden перечислить названия всех цветов в (этом) саду - to * the States of the Union назвать все штаты, входящие в состав США указывать, назначать - to * the day назначить день свадьбы (тк. о невесте) ;
принять предложение руки и сердца - to * one's price назначить (свою) цену назначать (на должность) - to * for duty назначить на дежурство - he has been *d consul его назначили консулом - Mr. X. has been *d for the directorship г-на Х. назначили на пост директора упоминать;
приводить (в качестве примера) - he was *d in the suit в иске было упомянуто его имя - the measures we have *d перечисленные /упомянутые/ нами мероприятия( парламентское) призвать к порядку - to * a member( канадское) удалить из зала( участника заседания) - he was *d by the Chairman and warned председатель призвал его к порядку и сделал ему предупреждение > not to be *d on /in/ the same day /breath/ with никакого сравнения быть не может > he is not to be *d on the same day with his brother смешно сравнивать его с братом > to * names упоминать фамилии (замешанных в чем-л.) > the witness threatened to * names свидетель угрожал тем, что он может кое-кого назвать argument ~ вчт. имя аргумента array ~ вчт. имя массива assumed ~ вымышленное имя assumed ~ вчт. псевдоним assumed ~ псевдоним assumed ~ фиктивное имя base ~ вчт. основное имя brand ~ название марки изделия brand ~ название торговой марки brand ~ торговое название brand ~ фабричная марка business ~ название торгово-промышленного предприятия business ~ название фирмы business ~ наименование предприятия ~ имя (тж. Christian name, амер. given name, first name) ;
фамилия (тж. family name, surname) ;
by name по имени by ~ по имени to know by ~ знать по имени;
by (или of, under) the name of под именем;
in name only только номинально command ~ вчт. имя команды commercial ~ торговое название ~ грам. имя существительное;
common name имя нарицательное company ~ название компании compound ~ вчт. составное имя corporate ~ наименование корпорации device ~ вчт. имя устройства device ~ вчт. номер устройства entry ~ вчт. имя входа external ~ вчт. внешнее имя false ~ вымышленное имя fictitious ~ вымышленное имя file ~ вчт. имя файла firm ~ название фирмы firm ~ фирменное наименование first ~ имя full ~ полное имя function ~ вчт. имя функции generic ~ вчт. родовое имя give a dog a bad ~ and hang him считать (кого-л.) плохим, потому что о нем идет дурная слава global ~ вчт. глобальное имя ~ великий человек;
the great names of history исторические личности group ~ вчт. групповое имя he has ~ for honesty он известен своей честностью;
people of name известные люди to know by ~ знать по имени;
by (или of, under) the name of под именем;
in name only только номинально in the ~ of от имени;
именем;
in the name of the law именем закона;
in one's own name от своего имени in the ~ of во имя;
in the name of common sense во имя здравого смысла in the ~ of от имени;
именем;
in the name of the law именем закона;
in one's own name от своего имени in the ~ of во имя;
in the name of common sense во имя здравого смысла in the ~ of от имени;
именем;
in the name of the law именем закона;
in one's own name от своего имени internal ~ вчт. внутреннее имя joint ~ общее название to know by ~ знать лично каждого to know by ~ знать по имени;
by (или of, under) the name of под именем;
in name only только номинально to know by ~ знать понаслышке ~ фамилия, род;
the last of his name последний из рода logical ~ вчт. логическое имя ~ репутация;
bad (или ill) name плохая репутация;
to make (или to win) a good name for oneself завоевать доброе имя menu ~ вчт. имя меню middle ~ второе имя name (обыкн. pl) брань;
to call names ругать(ся) ;
to take (smb.'s) name in vain клясться, божиться;
поминать имя всуе ~ великий человек;
the great names of history исторические личности ~ давать имя ~ именная записка, по которой производится передача акций ~ имя (тж. Christian name, амер. given name, first name) ;
фамилия (тж. family name, surname) ;
by name по имени ~ вчт. имя ~ имя ~ грам. имя существительное;
common name имя нарицательное ~ название, наименование, обозначение ~ название ~ назначать (на должность) ~ назначать цену ~ называть, давать имя;
to name after, амер. to name for (или from) называть в честь (кого-л.) ~ называть ~ наименование ~ обозначение ~ пустой звук;
there is only the name of friendship between them их дружба - одно название;
virtuous in name лицемер ~ репутация;
bad (или ill) name плохая репутация;
to make (или to win) a good name for oneself завоевать доброе имя ~ указывать, назначать;
to name the day назначать день( особ. свадьбы) ~ упоминать;
приводить в качестве примера ~ фамилия, род;
the last of his name последний из рода ~ фамилия ~ член страхового синдиката Ллойдса ~ называть, давать имя;
to name after, амер. to name for (или from) называть в честь (кого-л.) ~ называть, давать имя;
to name after, амер. to name for (или from) называть в честь (кого-л.) ~ of the company название компании ~ указывать, назначать;
to name the day назначать день (особ. свадьбы) nominee ~ подставное лицо not to have a penny to one's ~ не иметь ни гроша за душой partnership ~ название товарищества path ~ вчт. путь доступа, маршрут доступа he has ~ for honesty он известен своей честностью;
people of name известные люди program ~ вчт. имя программы psevdo-variable ~ вчт. имя псевдопеременной to put one's ~ down for выставить свою кандидатуру на (какой-л. пост) to put one's ~ down for принять участие в (сборе денег и т. п.) ;
подписаться под (воззванием и т. п.) qualified ~ вчт. составное имя salt ~ остроумное название товара (в рекламных целях) secondary ~ второе имя secondary ~ имя seed ~ название семян simple ~ вчт. простое имя straw ~ фиктивное имя straw ~ фиктивное название subsidiary ~ название филиала symbolic ~ вчт. символическое имя system ~ вчт. системное имя name (обыкн. pl) брань;
to call names ругать(ся) ;
to take (smb.'s) name in vain клясться, божиться;
поминать имя всуе vain: in ~ всуе;
to take (smb.'s) name in vain говорить( о ком-л.) без должного уважения;
to take God's name in vain богохульствовать ~ пустой звук;
there is only the name of friendship between them их дружба - одно название;
virtuous in name лицемер trade ~ название фирмы trade ~ торговая фирма;
наименование фирмы;
фирменное наименование trade ~ торговое название товара trade ~ фирменное название tree ~ вчт. составное имя unique ~ вчт. уникальное имя variable ~ вчт. имя переменной ~ пустой звук;
there is only the name of friendship between them их дружба - одно название;
virtuous in name лицемер without a ~ безымянный without a ~ не поддающийся описанию (о поступке) -
6 militar
adj.military.Aquí hay actividad militar Here we have military activity.f. & m.1 soldier.los militares the military2 army officer, military man.Los militares están en descanso The army officers are at ease.v.1 to be active.2 to serve in the army.El chico alto militó The tall boy served in the army.3 to be politically active.Los estudiantes militan The students are politically active.* * *► adjetivo1 military1 military man, soldier1 MILITAR to serve\tribunal militar military court* * *1. adj. 2. noun mf.* * *1.ADJ military2.SM (=soldado) soldier, military man; [en la mili] serviceman3. VI1) (Mil) to serve ( in the army)2) (Pol)* * *Iadjetivo militaryIImasculino y femenino soldier, military manIIIverbo intransitivo to be politically active* * *Iadjetivo militaryIImasculino y femenino soldier, military manIIIverbo intransitivo to be politically active* * *militar11 = serviceman [servicemen, -pl.], serviceperson.Ex: Personal readers' guidance was provided to World War I servicemen.
Ex: Soaked to the skin in the pelting rain of a tropical storm, they said that guarding the tomb was the highest honor that can be afforded to a serviceperson.* hijo de militares = military brat.* militares, los = military, the.militar22 = military, martial.Ex: A plan is a drawing showing relative positions on a horizontal plane, e.g., relative positions of part of a building, a landscape design, a graphic presentation of a military o naval plan, etc.
Ex: The article begins by illustrating the martial dimensions of the bodybuilder's body.* academia militar = military academy.* accesorios militares = militaria.* acción militar = military action.* actuación militar = military action.* aficionado a todo lo militar = military buff.* al estilo militar = military-style.* amante de lo militar = military buff.* amenaza militar = military threat.* armamento militar = military hardware.* arquitectura militar = military architecture.* base militar = military base.* brazo militar = military arm.* campaña militar = military campaign.* ciencia militar = military science.* comandante militar = military commander.* condecoración militar = Legion of Merit.* conflicto militar = military conflict.* cuartel militar = army barracks.* desfile militar = military parade, military tattoo.* despliegue militar = military deployment.* dictadura militar = military dictatorship.* estrategia militar = military strategy.* fuerza militar = military forces.* funeral militar = military funeral.* gasto militar = military expenditure.* historiador militar = military historian.* hospital militar = military hospital.* ingeniero militar = military engineer.* intervención militar = military intervention, military action.* jefe militar = army official, army officer.* junta militar = military junta, junta.* líder militar = military leader.* mando militar = military command.* medicina militar = military medicine.* mujer militar = servicewoman.* música militar = martial music.* observación militar = surveillance.* ofensiva militar = military offensive.* operación militar = military operation.* paseo militar = plain sailing, walkover.* pelado a lo militar = crewcut [crew-cut].* personal militar = military personnel.* poderío militar = military power.* policía militar = military police.* prisión militar = military prison.* propiedad militar = military property.* protección militar = military protection.* reclutamiento militar = military draft.* régimen militar = military regime.* representante militar = army official, army officer.* satélite militar = surveillance satellite.* secreto militar = military secret.* servicio militar = military service.* servicio militar obligatorio = compulsory military service, draft, the, military draft.* silo militar = missile silo.* soldado militar = military soldier.* tribunal militar = military tribunal.militar3 contra3 = militate against.Ex: Local interpretations of the rules, and modifications to suit local circumstances, certainly militate against standard records.
* * *militarysoldier, military manlos militares the militaryCompuesto:career soldiervito be politically activemilitar en un partido político to be an active member of a political partyera de izquierda, pero nunca militó he was left-wing, but never politically active* * *
militar 1 adjetivo
military
■ sustantivo masculino y femenino
soldier, military man;
militar 2 ( conjugate militar) verbo intransitivo
to be politically active;
militar en un partido político to be an active member of a political party
militar
I adjetivo military
el presupuesto militar, the defense budget
II sustantivo masculino soldier
unos bandidos vestidos de militares..., some bandits dressed as soldiers...
III vi Pol (ser miembro de) to be a member: milita en las juventudes pacifistas, she's a member of the young pacifists group
' militar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
aviación
- aviador
- aviadora
- cartilla
- control
- exenta
- exento
- intervención
- juventud
- milicia
- oprimir
- paisana
- paisano
- PM
- rango
- servicio
- sublevarse
- superior
- zona
- aeronáutica
- apto
- base
- capote
- centinela
- charanga
- civil
- colonia
- comando
- cumplir
- destinado
- destinar
- dispositivo
- escuela
- guardia
- instrucción
- patrullero
- potencia
- prestar
- recluta
- tribunal
English:
civilian
- conscription
- DSO
- excuse
- guardhouse
- military
- serviceman
- soldier
- staff college
- stockade
- tattoo
- junta
- service
* * *♦ adjmilitary♦ nmfsoldier;el general es el segundo militar que asesina el grupo en lo que va de año the general is the second member of the military to be murdered by the group this year;los militares the militarymilitar2 vi1. [en partido, sindicato] to be a member (en of);militó en la izquierda durante su juventud he was an active left-winger in his youth2. [apoyar]son muchas circunstancias las que militan a o [m5] en su favor there are many circumstances in his favour;* * *I adj militaryII m/f soldier;los militares pl the military:militar en be a member of* * *militar vi1) : to serve (in the military)2) : to be active (in politics)militar adj: militarymilitar nmfsoldado: soldier* * *militar1 adj militarymilitar2 n soldier -
7 Lithgow, James
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 27 January 1883 Port Glasgow, Renfrewshire, Scotlandd. 23 February 1952 Langbank, Renfrewshire, Scotland[br]Scottish shipbuilder; creator of one of the twentieth century's leading industrial organizations.[br]Lithgow attended Glasgow Academy and then spent a year in Paris. In 1901 he commenced a shipyard apprenticeship with Russell \& Co., where his father, William Lithgow, was sole proprietor. For years Russell's had topped the Clyde tonnage output and more than once had been the world's leading yard. Along with his brother Henry, Lithgow in 1908 was appointed a director, and in a few years he was Chairman and the yard was renamed Lithgows Ltd. By the outbreak of the First World War the Lithgow brothers were recognized as good shipbuilders and astute businessmen. In 1914 he joined the Royal Artillery; he rose to the rank of major and served with distinction, but his skills in administration were recognized and he was recalled home to become Director of Merchant Shipbuilding when British shipping losses due to submarine attack became critical. This appointment set a pattern, with public duties becoming predominant and the day-to-day shipyard business being organized by his brother. During the interwar years, Lithgow served on many councils designed to generate work and expand British commercial interests. His public appointments were legion, but none was as controversial as his directorship of National Shipbuilders Security Ltd, formed to purchase and "sterilize" inefficient shipyards that were hindering recovery from the Depression. To this day opinions are divided on this issue, but it is beyond doubt that Lithgow believed in the task in hand and served unstintingly. During the Second World War he was Controller of Merchant Shipbuilding and Repairs and was one of the few civilians to be on the Board of Admiralty. On the cessation of hostilities, Lithgow devoted time to research boards and to the expansion of the Lithgow Group, which now included the massive Fairfield Shipyard as well as steel, marine engineering and other companies.Throughout his life Lithgow worked for the Territorial Army, but he was also a devoted member of the Church of Scotland. He gave practical support to the lona Community, no doubt influenced by unbounded love of the West Highlands and Islands of Scotland.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsMilitary Cross and mentioned in dispatches during the First World War. Baronet 1925. Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire 1945. Commander of the Order of the Orange-Nassau (the Netherlands). CB 1947. Served as the employers' representative on the League of Nations International Labour Conference in the 1930s. President, British Iron and Steel Cofederation 1943.Further ReadingJ.M.Reid, 1964, James Lithgow, Master of Work, London: Hutchinson.FMW -
8 סיגנום
סִיגְנוּם, סִיגְנוֹן, סִגְ׳m. (signum, σίγνον S.) 1) sign, ensign, banner. Gen. R. s. 6, end ספר משנה תורה היה ס׳ ליהושעוכ׳ (Ar. ed. Koh. סגנם, read סגנום) the Book of Deuteronomy was to Joshua a (commanders) banner; … he took it up and showed it to the sun ; Yalk. Josh. 22 שגנז יהושע) (corr. acc.). Ex. R. s. 45 נטל סגנוס שלוכ׳ (some ed. סגנם; corr. acc.) the commander (of the mutinous legion) took the royal ensign and fled.; Yalk. Ex. 394 סִיגְנִין (pl.); Tanḥ. ed. Bub., Ki Thissa 15; Ylamd. to Num. 10:2, quot. in Ar. נטלו סִגְנִיםוכ׳ they (the singulares, v. סִנְגְּלָרִין) took the ensigns Pl. סִוגְנִים, סִיגְנִין, סִגְ׳ (v. supra); סִיגְנִיּוֹת, סִגְ׳. Cant. R. to I, 9 נטל ס׳ שלהםוכ׳ the Lord took away their (the Egyptians) ensigns ; Yalk. Ex. 232; Tanḥ. Bshall. 23 סגיונות (some ed. סגניניות, corr. acc.); Mekh. Bshall., s. 2 מגפות (Var. מגניות, corr. acc.; v. מְנָפָה); Y.Sot.VIII, 22b bot. והפיל סיגנם שלהן (corr. acc., or סיגנום).Midr. Till. to Ps. 20, end מכיר דגלו מתוך סגנין שלו ed. Bub., not סגנון; oth. ed. דגליו מכל סְגָנָיו, read: דגלו מתוך ס׳) recognises his regiment by its colors; Yalk. Ps. 681 סימנין.Tosef.Ab. Zar. V (VI), 1 הסיגנין some ed., read with ed. Zuck. הטִיגָּנִין. 2) watchword, signal. Snh.89a ס׳ אחד עולה … בס׳ אחד the same watchword (divine oracle) is passed to many prophets, but no two prophets prophesy under the same watchword (use the very same expressions). 3) sign in the heavens, constellation; v. אִסְטגְנֵין. -
9 סיגנון
סִיגְנוּם, סִיגְנוֹן, סִגְ׳m. (signum, σίγνον S.) 1) sign, ensign, banner. Gen. R. s. 6, end ספר משנה תורה היה ס׳ ליהושעוכ׳ (Ar. ed. Koh. סגנם, read סגנום) the Book of Deuteronomy was to Joshua a (commanders) banner; … he took it up and showed it to the sun ; Yalk. Josh. 22 שגנז יהושע) (corr. acc.). Ex. R. s. 45 נטל סגנוס שלוכ׳ (some ed. סגנם; corr. acc.) the commander (of the mutinous legion) took the royal ensign and fled.; Yalk. Ex. 394 סִיגְנִין (pl.); Tanḥ. ed. Bub., Ki Thissa 15; Ylamd. to Num. 10:2, quot. in Ar. נטלו סִגְנִיםוכ׳ they (the singulares, v. סִנְגְּלָרִין) took the ensigns Pl. סִוגְנִים, סִיגְנִין, סִגְ׳ (v. supra); סִיגְנִיּוֹת, סִגְ׳. Cant. R. to I, 9 נטל ס׳ שלהםוכ׳ the Lord took away their (the Egyptians) ensigns ; Yalk. Ex. 232; Tanḥ. Bshall. 23 סגיונות (some ed. סגניניות, corr. acc.); Mekh. Bshall., s. 2 מגפות (Var. מגניות, corr. acc.; v. מְנָפָה); Y.Sot.VIII, 22b bot. והפיל סיגנם שלהן (corr. acc., or סיגנום).Midr. Till. to Ps. 20, end מכיר דגלו מתוך סגנין שלו ed. Bub., not סגנון; oth. ed. דגליו מכל סְגָנָיו, read: דגלו מתוך ס׳) recognises his regiment by its colors; Yalk. Ps. 681 סימנין.Tosef.Ab. Zar. V (VI), 1 הסיגנין some ed., read with ed. Zuck. הטִיגָּנִין. 2) watchword, signal. Snh.89a ס׳ אחד עולה … בס׳ אחד the same watchword (divine oracle) is passed to many prophets, but no two prophets prophesy under the same watchword (use the very same expressions). 3) sign in the heavens, constellation; v. אִסְטגְנֵין. -
10 סִיגְנוּם
סִיגְנוּם, סִיגְנוֹן, סִגְ׳m. (signum, σίγνον S.) 1) sign, ensign, banner. Gen. R. s. 6, end ספר משנה תורה היה ס׳ ליהושעוכ׳ (Ar. ed. Koh. סגנם, read סגנום) the Book of Deuteronomy was to Joshua a (commanders) banner; … he took it up and showed it to the sun ; Yalk. Josh. 22 שגנז יהושע) (corr. acc.). Ex. R. s. 45 נטל סגנוס שלוכ׳ (some ed. סגנם; corr. acc.) the commander (of the mutinous legion) took the royal ensign and fled.; Yalk. Ex. 394 סִיגְנִין (pl.); Tanḥ. ed. Bub., Ki Thissa 15; Ylamd. to Num. 10:2, quot. in Ar. נטלו סִגְנִיםוכ׳ they (the singulares, v. סִנְגְּלָרִין) took the ensigns Pl. סִוגְנִים, סִיגְנִין, סִגְ׳ (v. supra); סִיגְנִיּוֹת, סִגְ׳. Cant. R. to I, 9 נטל ס׳ שלהםוכ׳ the Lord took away their (the Egyptians) ensigns ; Yalk. Ex. 232; Tanḥ. Bshall. 23 סגיונות (some ed. סגניניות, corr. acc.); Mekh. Bshall., s. 2 מגפות (Var. מגניות, corr. acc.; v. מְנָפָה); Y.Sot.VIII, 22b bot. והפיל סיגנם שלהן (corr. acc., or סיגנום).Midr. Till. to Ps. 20, end מכיר דגלו מתוך סגנין שלו ed. Bub., not סגנון; oth. ed. דגליו מכל סְגָנָיו, read: דגלו מתוך ס׳) recognises his regiment by its colors; Yalk. Ps. 681 סימנין.Tosef.Ab. Zar. V (VI), 1 הסיגנין some ed., read with ed. Zuck. הטִיגָּנִין. 2) watchword, signal. Snh.89a ס׳ אחד עולה … בס׳ אחד the same watchword (divine oracle) is passed to many prophets, but no two prophets prophesy under the same watchword (use the very same expressions). 3) sign in the heavens, constellation; v. אִסְטגְנֵין. -
11 סִיגְנוֹן
סִיגְנוּם, סִיגְנוֹן, סִגְ׳m. (signum, σίγνον S.) 1) sign, ensign, banner. Gen. R. s. 6, end ספר משנה תורה היה ס׳ ליהושעוכ׳ (Ar. ed. Koh. סגנם, read סגנום) the Book of Deuteronomy was to Joshua a (commanders) banner; … he took it up and showed it to the sun ; Yalk. Josh. 22 שגנז יהושע) (corr. acc.). Ex. R. s. 45 נטל סגנוס שלוכ׳ (some ed. סגנם; corr. acc.) the commander (of the mutinous legion) took the royal ensign and fled.; Yalk. Ex. 394 סִיגְנִין (pl.); Tanḥ. ed. Bub., Ki Thissa 15; Ylamd. to Num. 10:2, quot. in Ar. נטלו סִגְנִיםוכ׳ they (the singulares, v. סִנְגְּלָרִין) took the ensigns Pl. סִוגְנִים, סִיגְנִין, סִגְ׳ (v. supra); סִיגְנִיּוֹת, סִגְ׳. Cant. R. to I, 9 נטל ס׳ שלהםוכ׳ the Lord took away their (the Egyptians) ensigns ; Yalk. Ex. 232; Tanḥ. Bshall. 23 סגיונות (some ed. סגניניות, corr. acc.); Mekh. Bshall., s. 2 מגפות (Var. מגניות, corr. acc.; v. מְנָפָה); Y.Sot.VIII, 22b bot. והפיל סיגנם שלהן (corr. acc., or סיגנום).Midr. Till. to Ps. 20, end מכיר דגלו מתוך סגנין שלו ed. Bub., not סגנון; oth. ed. דגליו מכל סְגָנָיו, read: דגלו מתוך ס׳) recognises his regiment by its colors; Yalk. Ps. 681 סימנין.Tosef.Ab. Zar. V (VI), 1 הסיגנין some ed., read with ed. Zuck. הטִיגָּנִין. 2) watchword, signal. Snh.89a ס׳ אחד עולה … בס׳ אחד the same watchword (divine oracle) is passed to many prophets, but no two prophets prophesy under the same watchword (use the very same expressions). 3) sign in the heavens, constellation; v. אִסְטגְנֵין. -
12 סִגְ׳
סִיגְנוּם, סִיגְנוֹן, סִגְ׳m. (signum, σίγνον S.) 1) sign, ensign, banner. Gen. R. s. 6, end ספר משנה תורה היה ס׳ ליהושעוכ׳ (Ar. ed. Koh. סגנם, read סגנום) the Book of Deuteronomy was to Joshua a (commanders) banner; … he took it up and showed it to the sun ; Yalk. Josh. 22 שגנז יהושע) (corr. acc.). Ex. R. s. 45 נטל סגנוס שלוכ׳ (some ed. סגנם; corr. acc.) the commander (of the mutinous legion) took the royal ensign and fled.; Yalk. Ex. 394 סִיגְנִין (pl.); Tanḥ. ed. Bub., Ki Thissa 15; Ylamd. to Num. 10:2, quot. in Ar. נטלו סִגְנִיםוכ׳ they (the singulares, v. סִנְגְּלָרִין) took the ensigns Pl. סִוגְנִים, סִיגְנִין, סִגְ׳ (v. supra); סִיגְנִיּוֹת, סִגְ׳. Cant. R. to I, 9 נטל ס׳ שלהםוכ׳ the Lord took away their (the Egyptians) ensigns ; Yalk. Ex. 232; Tanḥ. Bshall. 23 סגיונות (some ed. סגניניות, corr. acc.); Mekh. Bshall., s. 2 מגפות (Var. מגניות, corr. acc.; v. מְנָפָה); Y.Sot.VIII, 22b bot. והפיל סיגנם שלהן (corr. acc., or סיגנום).Midr. Till. to Ps. 20, end מכיר דגלו מתוך סגנין שלו ed. Bub., not סגנון; oth. ed. דגליו מכל סְגָנָיו, read: דגלו מתוך ס׳) recognises his regiment by its colors; Yalk. Ps. 681 סימנין.Tosef.Ab. Zar. V (VI), 1 הסיגנין some ed., read with ed. Zuck. הטִיגָּנִין. 2) watchword, signal. Snh.89a ס׳ אחד עולה … בס׳ אחד the same watchword (divine oracle) is passed to many prophets, but no two prophets prophesy under the same watchword (use the very same expressions). 3) sign in the heavens, constellation; v. אִסְטגְנֵין. -
13 militar2
2 = military, martial.Ex. A plan is a drawing showing relative positions on a horizontal plane, e.g., relative positions of part of a building, a landscape design, a graphic presentation of a military o naval plan, etc.Ex. The article begins by illustrating the martial dimensions of the bodybuilder's body.----* academia militar = military academy.* accesorios militares = militaria.* acción militar = military action.* actuación militar = military action.* aficionado a todo lo militar = military buff.* al estilo militar = military-style.* amante de lo militar = military buff.* amenaza militar = military threat.* armamento militar = military hardware.* arquitectura militar = military architecture.* base militar = military base.* brazo militar = military arm.* campaña militar = military campaign.* ciencia militar = military science.* comandante militar = military commander.* condecoración militar = Legion of Merit.* conflicto militar = military conflict.* cuartel militar = army barracks.* desfile militar = military parade, military tattoo.* despliegue militar = military deployment.* dictadura militar = military dictatorship.* estrategia militar = military strategy.* fuerza militar = military forces.* funeral militar = military funeral.* gasto militar = military expenditure.* historiador militar = military historian.* hospital militar = military hospital.* ingeniero militar = military engineer.* intervención militar = military intervention, military action.* jefe militar = army official, army officer.* junta militar = military junta, junta.* líder militar = military leader.* mando militar = military command.* medicina militar = military medicine.* mujer militar = servicewoman.* música militar = martial music.* observación militar = surveillance.* ofensiva militar = military offensive.* operación militar = military operation.* paseo militar = plain sailing, walkover.* pelado a lo militar = crewcut [crew-cut].* personal militar = military personnel.* poderío militar = military power.* policía militar = military police.* prisión militar = military prison.* propiedad militar = military property.* protección militar = military protection.* reclutamiento militar = military draft.* régimen militar = military regime.* representante militar = army official, army officer.* satélite militar = surveillance satellite.* secreto militar = military secret.* servicio militar = military service.* servicio militar obligatorio = compulsory military service, draft, the, military draft.* silo militar = missile silo.* soldado militar = military soldier.* tribunal militar = military tribunal. -
14 lēgātus
lēgātus ī, m [P. of 1 lego], an ambassador, legate: legatos mittere: missitare supplicantīs legatos, S.: missi magnis de rebus uterque Legati, H.: Legati responsa ferunt, V.— A deputy, lieutenant, lieutenant-general (the second in command): qui M. Aemilio legati fuerunt: Caesaris, Cs.: hiberna cum legato praefectoque tradidisses: quaestorius: magnitudo et splendor legati, L.: in magnā legatum quaere popinā, Iu.—In the Empire, an imperial legate, governor of a province, Ta.* * *envoy, ambassador, legate; commander of a legion; officer; deputy -
15 tribūnus
tribūnus ī, m [tribus], the head of a tribe (see tribus); hence, a president, commander, representative, tribune: tribunus celerum, in quo tum magistratu forte Brutus erat, L.—Esp., tribuni aerarii, paymasters, quaestors' assistants (by the Lex Aurelia made judges on the part of the plebs): (Milonem) tribuni aerarii condemnarunt.—Tribuni militares or militum, tribunes of the soldiers, military tribunes, colonels (a legion had six, each of whom commanded it for two months of the year): tribunus militaris cum Servilio profectus: tribuni cohortium, i. e. then present with the cohorts, Cs.— From B.C. 444 to B.C. 366 the highest officers of the State, at first three in number, then six, and after B.C. 402 eight, chosen both from the patricians and the plebeians, were military tribunes with consular power: tribunos militum consulari potestate creari sinere, L.: tribuni consulares, L. —With plebis or plebei (expressed or understood), a tribune of the common people, representative of the plebeians (a magistrate charged with the protection of the commons against the patricians): ita tribuni plebei creati duo, L.: spem habere a tribuno plebis.* * *t/plebis -- t/of the people; t/mllitum, tribune of the soldiers
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16 tribunus
trĭbūnus, i, m. [tribus, prop. the chief of a tribe; hence, in gen.], a chieftain, commander, tribune.I.Tribuni aerarii, paymasters, who assisted the quaestors, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 10, 2; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 181 Müll.; Fest. p. 2 ib.;II.called also tribuni aeris,
Plin. 33, 2, 7, § 31. By the Lex Aurelia these tribuni aerarii were made judges on the part of the people:(Milonem) tribuni aerarii condemnarunt,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 6; id. Cat. 4, 7, 15:a tribunis aerariis absolutus,
id. ib. 2, 16, 3; cf.in a pun with aerati (rich),
id. Att. 1, 16, 8. This judicial office was taken from them by Julius Cæsar, Suet. Caes. 41.—Tribuni Celerum, captains or commanders of the Celeres, Liv. 1, 59, 7; cf. Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 15; Weissenb. ad Liv. 1, 15, 8. —III.Tribuni militares or militum, tribunes of the soldiers, military tribunes; these were officers of the army, six to each legion, who commanded in turn, each two months at a time:IV.qui M. Aemilio legati et praefecti et tribuni militares fuerunt,
Cic. Clu. 36, 99; so,militares,
Plin. 34, 3, 6, § 11; cf. in sing.:cum tribunus militaris depugnavi apud Thermopylas,
Cic. Sen. 10, 32:a tribunis militum, praefectis reliquisque, qui, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 39; so,militum,
id. ib. 3, 7; cf. in sing.:tribunus militum,
id. ib. 3, 5; Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 2:tribuni cohortium,
Caes. B. C. 2, 20.— Sing.:Stilonius Priscus qui tribunus cohortis, sub Classico fuerat,
Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 18; cf.:tribunus minor,
Veg. Mil. 2, 7;and tribunus legionis,
Val. Max. 3, 2, 20.—Tribuni militum consulari potestate, military tribunes with consular power; these were the highest officers of the State from A.U.C. 310 to A.U.C. 388. They were chosen from the patrician and plebeian orders, and were at first three, then six, and, after the year 352, eight in number, Liv. 4, 6, 8; 4, 7, 1; 5, 1, 2;V.called tribuni consulares,
id. 8, 33; Becker, Antiq. 2, 2, p. 136 sq.—Tribuni plebis, and more freq. simply tribuni, tribunes of the people, whose office it was to defend the rights and interests of the Roman plebeians against the encroachments of the patricians, Liv. 2, 33, 2; 2, 56, 3 sq.; Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58 sq.; id. Leg. 3, 7, 16; cf. Becker, Antiq. 2, 2, p. 247 sq.; Lange, Antiq. 1, 1, p. 592 sq., and the authorities cited by both. -
17 Florey, Howard Walter
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 24 September 1898 Adelaide, Australiad. 21 February 1968 Oxford, England[br]Australian pathologist who contributed to the research and technology resulting in the practical clinical availability of penicillin.[br]After graduating MB and BS from Adelaide University in 1921, he went to Oxford University, England, as a Rhodes Scholar in 1922. Following a period at Cambridge and as a Rockefeller Fellow in the USA, he returned to Cambridge as Lecturer in Pathology. He was appointed to the Chair of Pathology at Sheffield at the age of 33, and to the Sir William Dunne Chair of Pathology at Oxford in 1935.Although historically his name is inseparable from that of penicillin, his experimental interests and achievements covered practically the whole range of general pathology. He was a determined advocate of the benefits to research of maintaining close contact between different disciplines. He was an early believer in the need to study functional changes in cells as much as the morphological changes that these brought about.With E. Chain, Florey perceived the potential of Fleming's 1929 note on the bacteria-inhibiting qualities of Penicillium mould. His forthright and dynamic character played a vital part in developing what was perceived to be not just a scientific and medical discovery of unparalleled importance, but a matter of the greatest significance in a war of survival. Between them, Florey and Chain were able to establish the technique of antibiotic isolation and made their findings available to those implementing large-scale fermentation production processes in the USA.Despite being domiciled in England, he played an active role in Australian medical and educational affairs and was installed as Chancellor of the Australian National University in 1966.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsLife peer 1965. Order of Merit 1965. Knighted 1944. FRS 1941. President, Royal Society 1960–5. Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology (jointly with E.B.Chain and A.Fleming) 1945. Copley Medal 1957. Commander, Légion d'honneur 1946. British Medical Association Gold Medal 1964.Bibliography1940, "Penicillin as a chemotherapeutic agent", Lancet (with Chain). 1949, Antibiotics, Oxford (with Chain et al.).1962, General Pathology, Oxford.MG -
18 Gramme, Zénobe Théophile
[br]b. 4 April 1826 Jehay-Bodignée, Belgiumd. 20 January 1901 Bois de Colombes, Paris, France[br]Belgian engineer whose improvements to the dynamo produced a machine ready for successful commercial exploitation.[br]Gramme trained as a carpenter and showed an early talent for working with machinery. Moving to Paris he found employment in the Alliance factory as a model maker. With a growing interest in electricity he left to become an instrument maker with Heinrich Daniel Rühmkorff. In 1870 he patented the uniformly wound ring-armature dynamo with which his name is associated. Together with Hippolyte Fontaine, in 1871 Gramme opened a factory to manufacture his dynamos. They rapidly became a commercial success for both arc lighting and electrochemical purposes, international publicity being achieved at exhibitions in Vienna, Paris and Philadelphia. It was the realization that a Gramme machine was capable of running as a motor, i.e. the reversibility of function, that illustrated the entire concept of power transmission by electricity. This was first publicly demonstrated in 1873. In 1874 Gramme reduced the size and increased the efficiency of his generators by relying completely on the principle of self-excitation. It was the first practical machine in which were combined the features of continuity of commutation, self-excitation, good lamination of the armature core and a reasonably good magnetic circuit. This dynamo, together with the self-regulating arc lamps then available, made possible the innumerable electric-lighting schemes that followed. These were of the greatest importance in demonstrating that electric lighting was a practical and economic means of illumination. Gramme also designed an alternator to operate Jablochkoff candles. For some years he took an active part in the operations of the Société Gramme and also experimented in his own workshop without collaboration, but made no further contribution to electrical technology.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnight Commander, Order of Leopold of Belgium 1897. Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur. Chevalier, Order of the Iron Crown, Austria.Bibliography9 June 1870, British patent no. 1,668 (the ring armature machine).1871, Comptes rendus 73:175–8 (Gramme's first description of his invention).Further ReadingW.J.King, 1962, The Development of Electrical Technology in the 19th Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, Paper 30, pp. 377–90 (an extensive account of Gramme's machines).S.P.Thompson, 1901, obituary, Electrician 66: 509–10.C.C.Gillispie (ed.), 1972, Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Vol. V, New York, p. 496.GWBiographical history of technology > Gramme, Zénobe Théophile
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19 Branly, Edouard Eugène
[br]b. 23 October 1844 Amiens, Franced. 24 March 1940 Paris, France[br]French electrical engineer, who c.1890 invented the coherer for detecting radio waves.[br]Branly received his education at the Lycée de Saint Quentin in the Département de l'Aisne and at the Henri IV College of Paris University, where he became a Fellow of the University, graduating as a Doctor of Physics in 1873. That year he was appointed a professor at the College of Bourges and Director of Physics Instruction at the Sorbonne. Three years later he moved to the Free School in Paris as Professor of Advanced Studies. In addition to these responsibilities, he qualified as an MD in 1882 and practised medicine from 1896 to 1916. Whilst carrying out experiments with Hertzian (radio) waves in 1890, Branly discovered that a tube of iron filings connected to a source of direct voltage only became conductive when the radio waves were present. This early form of rectifier, which he called a coherer and which needed regular tapping to maintain its response, was used to operate a relay when the waves were turned on and off by Morse signals, thus providing the first practical radio communication.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPapal Order of Commander of St George 1899. Légion d'honneur, Chevalier 1900, Commandeur 1925. Osiris Prize (jointly with Marie Curie) 1903. Argenteuil Prize and Associate of the Royal Belgian Academy 1910. Member of the Academy of Science 1911. State Funeral at Notre Dame Cathedral.BibliographyAmongst his publications in Comptes rendus were "Conductivity of mediocre conductors", "Conductivity of gases", "Telegraphic conduction without wires" and "Conductivity of imperfect conductors realised at a distance by wireless by spark discharge of a capacitor".Further ReadingE.Hawkes, 1927, Pioneers of Wireless, London: Methuen. E.Larien, 1971, A History of Invention, London: Victor Gollancz.V.J.Phillips: 1980, Early Radio Wave Detectors, London: Peter Peregrinus.KF -
20 troop
1. n группа людей, отряд2. n отряд бойскаутов3. n войска; части4. n обыкн. большое количество, множество5. n уст. труппа актёров6. n воен. батарея7. n амер. воен. эскадрон8. n амер. рядовые активисты партии9. a войсковой, относящийся к войскам; воинский10. v собираться толпой11. v двигаться толпой12. v двигаться, идти13. v перевозить, перебрасывать войска14. v строить, формировать отряд15. v разг. проходить строем16. v общаться, встречаться17. v уст. объединяться, соединятьсяСинонимический ряд:1. company (noun) band; company; corps; legion; outfit; party; troupe2. group (noun) assemblage; assembly; body; congregation; congress; convocation; crowd; gathering; group; meeting; muster; squad; unit3. troops (noun) armed forces; forces; military; servicemen; troops4. assemble (verb) assemble; collect; convene; flock together; flood; gather; group; pour; swarm; teem; throng5. associate (verb) associate; consort; fraternise; hobnob6. walk (verb) ambulate; foot it; hoof; pace; step; traipse; tread; walk
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